See furbēn in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*feorbian",
"3": "*feorfian",
"4": "feormian"
},
"expansion": "Old English: *feorbian, *feorfian, feormian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: *feorbian, *feorfian, feormian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fermen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: fermen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: fermen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "farm",
"t": "to cleanse, clean or clear out, empty"
},
"expansion": "English: farm (“to cleanse, clean or clear out, empty”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: farm (“to cleanse, clean or clear out, empty”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "furbian",
"3": "furvian"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: furbian, furvian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: furbian, furvian"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "furbēn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: furbēn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: furbēn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "vurben",
"3": "vürben"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: vurben, vürben",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: vurben, vürben"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "fürben"
},
"expansion": "German: fürben",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: fürben"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "forbir",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old French: forbir, fourbir, furbir\nMiddle French: foubir\nFrench: fourbir\n→ Middle English: furbisshen\nEnglish: furbish",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Old French: forbir, fourbir, furbir\nMiddle French: foubir\nFrench: fourbir\n→ Middle English: furbisshen\nEnglish: furbish"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*prep-",
"t": "to appear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *prep- (“to appear”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*perkʷ-",
"t": "to clean"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *perkʷ- (“to clean”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒈦𒆪𒉿𒀭𒍣",
"t": "to make clean, to clear",
"tr": "pár-ku-wa-an-zi",
"ts": "parkuwanzi"
},
"expansion": "Hittite 𒈦𒆪𒉿𒀭𒍣 (pár-ku-wa-an-zi /parkuwanzi/, “to make clean, to clear”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *prep- (“to appear”), or perhaps Proto-Indo-European *perkʷ- (“to clean”), cognate with Hittite 𒈦𒆪𒉿𒀭𒍣 (pár-ku-wa-an-zi /parkuwanzi/, “to make clean, to clear”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "furbēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "furbēnijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "furbēnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "furbēniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "furbē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "furb?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "furbēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "furb?dēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "furbēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "furb?dē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "furb?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "furbēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "furb?dum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "furbēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "furb?dud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "furbēnþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "furb?dun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "furb?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "furb?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "furbē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "furb?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "furb?dīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "furb?dīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "furbēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "furb?dīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "furbē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "furbēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "furbēndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "furb?d",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*furbēn",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/furbēn",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to clean"
],
"id": "en-furbēn-gmw-pro-verb-YCEqCiKG",
"links": [
[
"clean",
"clean"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "furbēn"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*feorbian",
"3": "*feorfian",
"4": "feormian"
},
"expansion": "Old English: *feorbian, *feorfian, feormian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: *feorbian, *feorfian, feormian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fermen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: fermen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: fermen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "farm",
"t": "to cleanse, clean or clear out, empty"
},
"expansion": "English: farm (“to cleanse, clean or clear out, empty”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: farm (“to cleanse, clean or clear out, empty”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "furbian",
"3": "furvian"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: furbian, furvian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: furbian, furvian"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "furbēn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: furbēn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: furbēn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "vurben",
"3": "vürben"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: vurben, vürben",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: vurben, vürben"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "fürben"
},
"expansion": "German: fürben",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: fürben"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "forbir",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old French: forbir, fourbir, furbir\nMiddle French: foubir\nFrench: fourbir\n→ Middle English: furbisshen\nEnglish: furbish",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Old French: forbir, fourbir, furbir\nMiddle French: foubir\nFrench: fourbir\n→ Middle English: furbisshen\nEnglish: furbish"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*prep-",
"t": "to appear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *prep- (“to appear”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*perkʷ-",
"t": "to clean"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *perkʷ- (“to clean”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒈦𒆪𒉿𒀭𒍣",
"t": "to make clean, to clear",
"tr": "pár-ku-wa-an-zi",
"ts": "parkuwanzi"
},
"expansion": "Hittite 𒈦𒆪𒉿𒀭𒍣 (pár-ku-wa-an-zi /parkuwanzi/, “to make clean, to clear”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *prep- (“to appear”), or perhaps Proto-Indo-European *perkʷ- (“to clean”), cognate with Hittite 𒈦𒆪𒉿𒀭𒍣 (pár-ku-wa-an-zi /parkuwanzi/, “to make clean, to clear”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "furbēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "furbēnijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "furbēnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "furbēniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "furbē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "furb?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "furbēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "furb?dēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "furbēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "furb?dē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "furb?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "furbēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "furb?dum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "furbēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "furb?dud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "furbēnþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "furb?dun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "furb?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "furb?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "furbē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "furb?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "furb?dīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "furb?dīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "furbēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "furb?dīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "furbē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "furbēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "furbēndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "furb?d",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*furbēn",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/furbēn",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic class 3 weak verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-West Germanic terms with unknown etymologies",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs",
"gmw-pro:Hygiene"
],
"glosses": [
"to clean"
],
"links": [
[
"clean",
"clean"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "furbēn"
}
Download raw JSONL data for furbēn meaning in Proto-West Germanic (6.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.